Menopause affects not only the reproductive system but also cardiovascular health, skin elasticity, hair structure, and emotional well-being. For some women, symptoms are mild; for others, they are severe and impact daily life. Choose the right gynecologist for you at the “Republic Square Clinic” (Republikas laukuma klīnika).
What is menopause?
Menopause is a natural stage of life when a woman’s menstruation ends and the ovaries stop producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone. It usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, with an average age of 51. Menopause is officially diagnosed when there has been no menstruation for 12 consecutive months. This process is not sudden—early menopause is called perimenopause, which can last several years. During this time, hormonal fluctuations begin, causing various symptoms.
Most common menopause symptoms
- Hot flashes and night sweats – sudden sensations of heat that can be very disruptive.
- Menstrual changes – irregular cycles, heavier or lighter bleeding.
- Mood swings and anxiety – hormonal changes affect emotional stability.
- Sleep disturbances – insomnia or frequent nighttime awakenings.
- Vaginal dryness and discomfort during intercourse – decreased estrogen affects mucosal moisture.
- Reduced libido – a decrease in sexual desire.
- Weight gain and metabolic changes.
- Skin and hair changes – dryness and brittleness.
- Palpitations – estrogen reduction and hormonal imbalance affect vascular elasticity and the autonomic nervous system, often resulting in a rapid heartbeat.
If severe symptoms appear, such as bleeding during menopause, you must consult a gynecologist immediately.
Why is menopause important for health?
The decrease in estrogen affects more than just the reproductive system:
- Cardiovascular health – the risk of heart disease increases.
- Bone density – the risk of osteoporosis rises.
- Urinary tract health – more frequent infections and urinary incontinence. Regular tests (hormone levels, bone density, lipid profile) help prevent complications in time.
How to know if menopause has started?
Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms and the absence of menstruation. Sometimes a doctor may recommend:
- FSH and estrogen tests – follicle-stimulating hormone levels rise, while estrogen decreases.
- TSH test – to rule out thyroid issues. Additional examinations:
- Gynecological ultrasound – to assess the condition of the uterus and ovaries.
- Bone density measurements (DEXA) – for osteoporosis prevention.
Menopause treatment
Menopause itself is not a disease, but alleviating symptoms improves the quality of life.
Hormonal therapy in menopause
- The most effective method for reducing hot flashes and night sweats.
- Available as a combination of estrogen and progesterone (if the uterus is intact).
- Vaginal estrogen – used locally to reduce dryness and discomfort. Important: HRT is not suitable for all women (e.g., after breast cancer). Consultation with a gynecologist or endocrinologist is mandatory.
Hormonal therapy is not recommended for women with:
- Current or history of breast or uterine cancer.
- High risk of thrombosis (thrombophilia, history of DVT).
- History of heart disease, stroke, or severe cardiovascular pathologies.
- Age over 65 due to increased risks of stroke and dementia.
Non-hormonal methods
- Antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs) – help reduce hot flashes.
- Gabapentin – effective for night sweats.
- Fezolinetant – a new medication specifically for treating hot flashes.
Gynecological injections in menopause
Gynecological injections – such as hyaluronic acid injections for vaginal mucosal restoration or PRP therapy, which improves tissue elasticity.
Lifestyle recommendations
- A nutritionist can help develop a balanced menu rich in calcium, Vitamin D, and phytoestrogens.
- Regular physical activity – reduces hot flashes and improves mood.
- Stress reduction – yoga, meditation, breathing exercises.
- Smoking cessation – reduces the severity of symptoms.
- Limiting alcohol – fewer hot flashes and sleep disturbances.
When does menopause end?
Menopause is a single point in time after 12 months without menstruation, marking the end of the reproductive cycle. However, the postmenopausal stage lasts for the rest of one’s life. Symptoms typically subside within 2–7 years, though they may last longer for some.
When to see a gynecologist?
- If symptoms interfere with daily life.
- If unusual bleeding occurs.
- If there is a risk of heart disease or osteoporosis.
Frequently asked questions?
The transition period before menopause when the body gradually reduces hormone production. It can last 2 to 8 years.
If you experience irregular cycles, hot flashes, night sweats, or mood swings.
A gynecologist or endocrinologist can evaluate the risks and benefits based on your medical history.
